Table 2. Comparison of bioactive compounds extracted by subcritical-water extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and conventional solvent extractions)

Extraction solvents	Extraction conditions	Compounds (mg/g)
		Estragole	Eugenol	Herniarin
SWE	Optimum condition	0.66±0.04c(200℃/5 min)	0.11±0.00(200℃/15 min)	3.35±0.09d(190℃/10 min)
UAE	Optimum condition	nd	nd	1.49±0.07c(350 W/10 min)
Water	90℃, 120 min	nd	nd	1.59±0.04c
80% ethanol	45℃, 120 min	0.17±0.02a	nd	1.20±0.04b
100% methanol	45℃, 120 min	0.37±0.05b	nd	0.14±0.01a

Means within the same column sharing a common superscript letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (p<0.05, n=3).
nd, not detected.