Table 1 Characteristics of the 7 selected works of studies

NO	Authors (yr)	Animal	Sex	Age (wk)	Weight (g)	N	Duration	Concentration (mg/kg)	Experimental groups	Results

1	Chen (2017)	B61)	M	5	18-20	10	12 wk	L: 125	CON (LFD2))	Significantly decreased - Serum: FFA5), TC6), TG7), LDL-C8), glucose, leptin, insulin - Liver: PPARg9), FAS10), CD3611), FATP212) - Adipose tissue (mRNA): PPARγ, aP213), leptin - Body weight, food efficiency ratio, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size
								H: 500	HFD3)
									HFD+SLG4) (L)
									HFD+SLG (H)
									LFD+SLG (L)
									LFD+SLG (H)
										Significantly increased - Serum: HDL14) - Liver: CPT-115), UCP-216), PPARα17), HSL18), ATGL19) - Adipose tissue: PPARα, PGC-1α20), UCP-1, UCP-3

2	Cho (2017)	SD rats21)	M	6	-	8	4 wk	200	CON (normal saline)	No significantly - Body temperature, Blood pressure - IL-626), iNOS27), nitrite (Serum) - PGC-1α, UCP-1 (mRNA)
									WG22)
									SG-323)
									SG-624)
									SG-925)

3	Hong (2019)	B6	M	8	40 (HFD)	6	10 days	40	chow	Significantly decreased - iWAT28), eWAT29), BAT30) - Adipocytes sizes
									chow+Rb2
									HFD
									HFD+Rb2
										Significantly increased - UCP-1, PGC-1α, p-AMPK31) (iWAT, BAT) - O₂ consumption, CO₂ production rate, whole-body energy expenditure

4	Lim (2019)	B6, db/db mice	M	6	-	5	6 wk	10	WT32)	Significantly decreased - iWAT, Fat mass, lipid droplets
									db/db
									db/db+Rb1
										Significantly increased - iWAT (mRNA): pAMPKα, ATGL, UCP-1
										No significantly - Body weight, eWAT, BAT, Liver tissue weight

5	Lv (2023)	B6, ob/ob mice	M	3	-	6	8 wk	10	ob/ob	Significantly decreased - Body weight, fat ratio - Serum: TG, TC, LDL-C - AUC34) of blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, Volume and diameter of adipocytes
									PD33) (10 mg)
									PD+β₂
									receptor inhibitor (1 mg)
										Significantly increased - PRDM1635), UCP-1, PGC-1α, TFAM36), P-CREB37), NRF138) (mRNA, protein)

6	Meng (2023)	B6, ob/ob mice	M	-	20± 2	5-8	5 wk	10	CON	Significantly decreased - Adiposity, Fat mass (iWAT, gWAT40)) - Fasting Blood glucose, serum insulin - Serum: TG, NEFA41) - Fat synthesis factors
					25±2				ob/ob
									ob/ob+vehicle (DMSO39))
									ob/ob+F1
										Significantly increased - Lean mass - O₂ consumption, CO₂ production rates, whole-body energy - iWAT, gWAT : UCP-1, Cidea42), PGC-1α, PRDM16 (mRNA) - Mitochondrial content, mtDNA content

7	Yao (2020)	SPF43), B6	M	8	40 (HFD)	10	23 days	15	CON (PBS44))	Significantly decreased - Body weight, adipose tissues (volume, weight) - Mitochondrial biogenesis (mRNA) - Lipogenesis (mRNA) - Serum: TG, LDL-C
										Significantly increased - PPARα, UCP1, Dio245) (mRNA)

¹⁾B6: C57BL/6J mice, ²⁾LFD: low fat diet, ³⁾HFD: high fat diet, ⁴⁾SLG: stems and leaves of Panax ginseng, ⁵⁾FFA: free fatty acids, ⁶⁾TC: total cholesterol, ⁷⁾TG: triacylglycerol, ⁸⁾LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ⁹⁾PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, ¹⁰⁾FAS: fatty acid synthase, ¹¹⁾CD36: cluster of differentiation 36, ¹²⁾FATP2: fatty acid transport protein 2, ¹³⁾aP2: adipocyte protein 2, ¹⁴⁾HDL: high-density lipoprotein, ¹⁵⁾CPT-1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, ¹⁶⁾UCP: uncoupling protein, ¹⁷⁾PPARα: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, ¹⁸⁾HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase, ¹⁹⁾ATGL: adipose triglyceride lipase, ²⁰⁾PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, ²¹⁾SD rats: sprague-dawley rats, ²²⁾WG: white ginseng, ²³⁾SG-3: 3h-steamed ginseng, ²⁴⁾SG-6: 6h-steamed ginseng, ²⁵⁾SG-9: 9h-steamed ginseng, ²⁶⁾IL-6: interleukin-6, ²⁷⁾iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase, ²⁸⁾iWAT: inguinal white adipose tissue, ²⁹⁾eWAT: epididymal white adipose tissue, ³⁰⁾BAT: brown adipose tissue, ³¹⁾p-AMPK: phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, ³²⁾WT: wild type, ³³⁾PD: panaxadiol, ³⁴⁾AUC: area under curve, ³⁵⁾PRDM16: PR domain containing 16, ³⁶⁾TFAM: transcription factor a mitochondrial, ³⁷⁾p-CREB: phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein, ³⁸⁾NRF1: nuclear respiratory factor 1, ³⁹⁾DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁴⁰⁾gWAT: gonadal white adipose tissue, ⁴¹⁾NEFA: non-esterified fatty acids, ⁴²⁾Cidea: cell death-inducing dna fragmentation factor alpha-like effector a, ⁴³⁾SPF: specific-pathogen free C57BL/6J mice, ⁴⁴⁾PBS: phosphate buffered saline, ⁴⁵⁾Dio2: type II iodothyronine deiodinase