Table 4 The beneficial effects of functional ingredients on LRP1a in vivo and in vitro

Functional ingredinet	Species	Concentration	Effects	Reference
Capsaicin	ApoE–^/– mice	0.01%	Serum TC, TG, LDL-C↓	Ma et al., 2011
Capsaicin	ApoE–^/– mice	0.01%	mRNA level of LRP1↑	Ma et al., 2011
Fermentation of soy milk	SD rats	10%	Serum TG, FFA↓, HDL-C-mRNA level of LDLR, LRP1,	Kim et al., 2014
			ADIPOQ, UCP, PPARα, CPT1↑
			mRNA level of SREBP1/2, HMGCR, FAS, SCD1↓
Capsaicin	Vascular smooth	1 μM/L	Intracellular lipid droplet↓	Ma et al., 2011
Capsaicin	muscle cell	1 μM/L	mRNA level of LRP1↑	Ma et al., 2011
Ginkgo biloba	HepG2	200 g/mL	Intracellular TC↓, cholesterol influx↓	Xie et al., 2009
Ginkgo biloba	HepG2	200 g/mL	mRNA level of LRP1, HMGCR↓, ABCA1↑	Xie et al., 2009

LRP1, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; FFA, free fatty acid; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor; ADIPOQ, adiponectin; UCP, uncoupling protein; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1; SREBP1/2, sterol responsive element binding protein 1/2; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; SCD1, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1; ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter